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      Table 1

      Table 1: Pre-Operative Ranges of Nutrient Deficiency Rates

       

      Nutrient

      Range of Deficiency Rates

      Vitamin A

      11-23%4-6

      Vitamin C

      43-47%5

      Vitamin D

      60-90%2,4,7,8

      Vitamin E

      2-23%4,9,10

      Vitamin K

      No Data

      Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

      2-47%2,4,5

      Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

      No Data

      Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

      6%9

      Vitamin B6

      2-64%5,9,10

      Folate/Folic Acid

      0-55%4-6,9-11

      Vitamin B12

      2-30%2,4,5,9,11

      Biotin

      No Data

      Pantothenic Acid

      No Data

      Iron Markers:

           Iron

      19-45%2,4-6,11

           Ferritin

      2-24%2,5,6,9,11

           Hemoglobin

      4-22%2,5,9,11

           Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

      8-19%5,11

      Calcium

      <1%11

      Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (marker of bone loss)

      10-48%5,7,9,11

      Iodine

      No Data

      Magnesium

      5%9

      Zinc

      Up to 74%4,6,9

      Selenium

      33%-58%6,9

      Copper

      Up to 70%4

      Manganese

      No Data

      Chromium

      No Data

      Molybdenum

      No Data

      Phosphate/Phosphorus

      2-8%9,11